5-demethoxyfumagillol and derivatives thereof

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are 5-demethoxyfumagillol and its derivatives. Also provided herein are methods of making the 5-demethoxyfumagillol and derivatives. Also provided herein are biological activities of the 5-demethoxyfumagillol and derivatives and methods of using same for treating diseases.

PRIOR RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to copending U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/039,798, filed Mar. 27, 2008, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

Provided herein are 5-demethoxyfumagillol and its derivatives. Alsoprovided herein are methods of making the 5-demethoxyfumagillol andderivatives. Also provided herein are biological activities of the5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives and methods of using same for treatingdiseases.

BACKGROUND

Angiogenesis refers to the physiological process involving the formationor growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesismay be generally controlled by certain chemicals produced in the body.Some of these chemicals stimulate cells to repair damaged blood vesselsor form new ones. Other chemicals, such as angiogenesis inhibitors,signal the process to stop.

Therapeutic angiogenesis is the application of specific compounds whichmay inhibit or induce the creation of new blood vessels in the body inorder to combat diseases. The therapeutic application of the principle“angiogenesis” can be divided into two main areas, i.e., anti-angiogenictherapies and pro-angiogenic therapies. The pro-angiogenic therapiesgenerally involves inducing the creation of new blood vessels fortreating or preventing cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic diseasesand related diseases such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterialdisease and wound healing disorders. On the contrary, theanti-angiogenic therapies generally involves inhibiting the creation ofnew blood vessels for treating cancers, tumors and malignancies.

Angiogenesis can play an important role in the growth and spread ofcancer, tumor and malignancy. For example, new blood vessels can feedthe cancer or tumor cells with oxygen and nutrients, allow these cellsto grow, invade nearby tissue, spread to other parts of the body, andform new colonies of cancer cells.

Angiogenesis inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents, such as fumagillin andderivatives thereof, are expected to be of great clinical potential intreating many diseases, such as solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy,rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and obesity (Folkman, J. Nat. Med. 1995,1, 27). Recent clinical studies showed that when given in combinationwith chemotherapies, some antiangiogenic agents produced much betterresponses (Jain, R. K. Science 2005, 307, 58 and references therein)than chemotherapies alone. It is also reported that fumagillin may beused to treat intestinal infections, such as intestinal microsporidiosisor amebiasis.

Among antiangiogenic agents, fumagillin and its natural or syntheticderivatives, have received close attention because of their biologicalactivities. For example, 5-demethoxyfumagillol is a potent angiogenesisinhibitor isolated in 2004 from Aspergillus fumigatus by D. Kim et al.The structure of 5-demethoxyfumagillol was confirmed by an independentsynthesis from fumagillol (Kim, D.; Min, J.; Ahn, S. K.; Lee, H. W.;Choi, N. S.; Moon, S. K. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2004, 52, 447). The X-raystructure of a MetAP-2-fumagillin complex (Liu, S.; Widom, J.; Kemp, C.W.; Crews, C. M.; Clardy, J. Science 1998, 282, 1324) suggests thatgenerally fumagillin-related compounds selectively and irreversiblyinhibit the cobalt-containing type II methionine aminopeptidase(MetAP-2) in the same manner as fumagillin.

The suggested mechanism has been directing the drug design of fumagillinand related natural product derivatives based on such structure-activityrelation. For example, TNP-470, a fumagillin derivative, can effectivelyblock tumor growth and metastasis in animal models, and showed promisein phase I/II clinical trials. However, further clinical trials ofTNP-470 was stymied by its low half-life values, neurotoxic side effects(fatigue, vertigo, ataxia and loss of concentration) and possibledisruption of normal angiogenic process (femal reproductive system,wound healing). Such undesirable properties and side effects generallylimit the widespread use of TNP-470 as an anticancer agent ((a) Kruger,E. A.; Figg, W. D. Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 2000, 9, 1383; (b)Griffith, E. C.; Su, Z.; Turk, B. E.; Chen, S.; Chang, Y.-H.; Wu, Z.;Biemann, K.; Liu, J. O. Chem. Biol. 1997, 4, 461).

Recently, fumagillin derivatives PPI-2458 (Bernier, S. G.; Lazarus, D.D.; Clark, E.; Doyle, B.; Labenski, M. T.; Thompson, C. D.; Westlin, W.F.; Hannig G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101, 10768) andCKD-732 (Kim, E.-J.; Shin, W.-H. Biol. Pharm. Bull 2005, 28, 217) haveentered into phase I clinical trials in cancer and other diseases.However, both PPI-2458 and CKD-732 have rather complicated structures.

Thus there is a need for further fumagillin derivatives for treatingcancer and other diseases. Further, there is a need for angiogenesisinhibitors that are easier to prepare and/or have no or reducedundesirable properties and/or side effects.

SUMMARY

Provided herein are multi-step processes of making 5-demethoxyfumagilloland derivatives thereof from readily available starting materialswherein the processes include a catalytic stereoselective enecyclization step. In some embodiments, the multi-step processes includeusing a chiral Lewis acid to catalyze an enantioselective intramolecularcarbonyl ene reaction of unsaturated α-keto esters. In otherembodiments, derivatives of 5-demethoxyfumagillol are synthesizedaccording to the processes disclosed herein and have been found to bepotent angiogenesis inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents.

In one aspect, provided herein are unsaturated α-keto esters comprisingFormula (I):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is alkyl, acyl (e.g., acetyl andbenzoyl), aryl, arylalkyl (e.g., benzyl), alkylaryl (e.g.,methylphenyl); each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Y is—CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ andR⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer.

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making anunsaturated α-keto ester of Formula (I):

wherein the process comprises the steps of:

(a) contacting an ester of Formula (II):

or a stereoisomer thereof with a base and a peroxide to form anunsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III):

or a stereoisomer thereof, and

(b) oxidizing the unsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III) or astereoisomer thereof with an oxidant to form the unsaturated α-ketoester of Formula (I), wherein R¹, R², X¹, X² and Y are as definedherein.

In some embodiments, the base is an organolithium reagent such aslithium diisopropylamide (LDA), lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide(LiHMDS), lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), methyllithium,butyllithium, hexyllithium, sec-butyllithium, and phenyllithium; anorganopotassium reagent such as potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide(KHMDS); or an organosodium reagent such as sodiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS).

In certain embodiments, the peroxide is t-BuOOH. In other embodiments,the oxidant is Dess-Martin periodinane.

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making anunsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the process comprises the steps of:

(a) contacting an aldehyde of Formula (IV):

or a stereoisomer thereofwith a mixture of isocyanate and SiCl₄ in the presence of a catalyticamount of pyridine N-oxide or hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA); and

(b) quenching the reaction mixture with an alcohol having a formularepresented by R¹OH and sodium bicarbonate, wherein R¹, R², X¹, X² and Yare as defined herein.

In another aspect, provided herein is a 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate comprising Formula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹, R², X¹, X² and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (V).In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer of Formula (V).

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making a5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate having formula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the process comprises the step of contacting the unsaturatedα-keto ester of Formula (I) with a Lewis acid, and wherein R¹, R², X¹,X² and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the Lewis acid is copper triflate (Cu(OTf)₂),copper hexafluoroantimonate (Cu(SbF₆)₂), scandium(III)trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)₃), ytterbiumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (Yb(OTf)₃), magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO₄)₂)or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the reaction occurs in the presence of a chiralligand. In other embodiments, the chiral ligand is a bisoxazolineligand. In further embodiments, the bisoxazoline ligand is(S,S)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane ((S,S)-Ph-BOX; CAS131457-46-0), (R,R)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane((R,R)-Ph-BOX; CAS 150529-93-4),(S,S)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane ((S,S)-tBu-BOX; CAS132098-54-5), (R,R)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane((R,R)-tBu-BOX; CAS 150529-93-4),2,6-bis[(4S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine ((4S)-iPr-PyBOX; CAS118949-61-4), 2,6-bis[(4R)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine((4R)-iPr-PyBOX; CAS 131864-67-0),2,6-bis[(4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine ((4S)-Ph-PyBOX; CAS174500-20-0), 2,6-bis[(4R)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine((4R)-Ph-PyBOX; CAS 128249-70-7) or a combination thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is an unsaturated alcohol havingFormula (VI):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ whereR³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² isindependently O or S; and Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl,acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl,dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino.

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making anunsaturated alcohol, i.e., a 5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate, havingformula (VI):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the processes comprise the steps of:

(a) contacting an unsaturated ester of Formula (V) with lithiumaluminium hydride (LiAlH₄) or diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) toform an unsaturated diol of Formula (VII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and

(b) selectively protecting the unsaturated diol of Formula (VII) or astereoisomer thereof with a tosylate, halide, mesylate or triflate toform the unsaturated ester of Formula (VI), wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl,triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenylor alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Yis —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.

In some embodiments, the halide is chloride, bromide or iodide.

In another aspect, provided herein are keto epoxides comprising Formula(VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹, R², and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula(VIII). In other embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer ofFormula (VIII).

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making a ketoepoxide, i.e., a 5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate, having formula(VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the process comprises the step of contacting an unsaturatedketone of Formula (IX):

or a stereoisomer thereof,

with an epoxidation agent in the presence or absence of 4 Å molecularsieves, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl; R² is hydrogenor OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; and Yis —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.

In some embodiments, the contacting step occurs in the presence of 4 Åmolecular sieves. In other embodiments, the epoxidation agent istert-butyl hydroperoxide with titanium isopropoxide or vanadylacetylacetonate.

In another aspect, provided herein are 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivativescomprising Formula (X), (X′), (X″), (XI) or (XI′):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶and R¹⁷ is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted arylsuch as phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl; alkyl such as methyl,ethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl; cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl andcyclopentyl; alkenyl such as vinyl and allyl; alkynyl such asprop-2-ynyl; arylalkyl; alkylaryl; heterocycloalkyl such asazacyclohexane; heteroaryl such as thiazolyl; or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Z is abond, methylene, O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷; Y′ is —CH₂—R^(4′), —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ whereeach of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; R^(4′)is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; each of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is independently H, unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl andcyclopentyl, alkenyl such as vinyl and allyl, alkynyl such asprop-2-ynyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; each of n and m isindependently an integer from 0 to 9 where the sum of n and m is atleast one; and k is an integer from 1 to 10, with the proviso that R¹⁴and R¹⁵ are not both H. In some embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are not both H.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (X) or(XI). In other embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer ofFormula (X) or (XI).

In another aspect, provided herein are processes of making a5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative having formula (X) or (XI):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the processes comprise the steps of:

(a) reacting a keto epoxide comprising Formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,with a base to form 5-demethoxyfumagillol of Formula (XII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,

(b) contacting the 5-demethoxyfumagillol of Formula (XII) or astereoisomer thereof with a phenylchloroformate in the presence of afirst base to form an active intermediate of Formula (XIII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and

(c) reacting the active intermediate of Formula (XIII) with an amine ofFormula (XIV) or Formula (XV):

or stereoisomer thereof in the presence of a second base, wherein R¹ istosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl; X is NO₂ or hydrogen; each of R⁸, R⁹,R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹² is independently hydrogen, unsubstituted or substitutedaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl and cyclopentyl, alkenylsuch as vinyl and allyl, alkynyl such as prop-2-ynyl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Z is twohydrogens, two OH groups, methylene, O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴,—CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁶, R⁷ and R¹³ isindependently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl,methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino; and each ofn and m is independently an integer from 0 to 9 and the sum of n and mis at least one.

In some embodiments, the each of the first base and the second base isindependently an organic base such as pyridine or triethylamine. Incertain embodiments, the phenylchloroformate is unsubstitutedphenylchloroformate or p-nitrophenylchloroformate.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating, managing orpreventing a disease that is related to angiogenesis, the methodcomprising administering a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of disclosedherein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof.

In some embodiments, the disease is a cancer or tumor. In furtherembodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectalcancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, ovariancancer, cutaneous melanoma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or pancreaticcancer.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating, managing orpreventing a disease comprising administering a 5-demethoxyfumagillolderivative disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate, polymorph or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the disease is acancer, tumor, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis,obesity, chronic kidney disease or intestinal infection.

In some embodiments, the disease is an intestinal infection selectedfrom intestinal microsporidiosis, taeniasis solium, cysticercosis,amebiasis, anisakiasis, giardiasis, or cryptosporidiosis.

In certain embodiments, the disease occurs in a mammal. In furtherembodiments, the mammal is a human.

In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositionscomprising a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative disclosed herein, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph or stereoisomerthereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed hereinfurther comprise at least an ingredient selected from the groupconsisting of excipients, moisturizers, diluents, metal stearates andcombinations thereof. In further embodiments, the pharmaceuticalcomposition disclosed herein is in a single unit dosage form.

In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed hereinfurther comprises a second chemotherapeutic drug. In furtherembodiments, the second chemotherapeutic drug is selected from the groupconsisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, plant alkaloids andterpenoids, vinca alkaloids, podophyllotoxins, taxanes, topoisomeraseinhibitors, antitumour antibiotics, and monoclonal antibodies andcombinations thereof. dr

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts matrigel plugs taken from mice 10 days after injection ofmatrigel containing bFGF with or without Compound 17j, 17n or 17q.

FIG. 2 depicts an analysis of hemoglobin contents in matrigel plugstaken from mice 10 days after injection of matrigel containing bFGF withor without Compound 17j, 17n or 17q.

DEFINITIONS

To facilitate the understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein,a number of terms, abbreviations or other shorthand as used herein aredefined below. Any term, abbreviation or shorthand not defined isunderstood to have the ordinary meaning used by a skilled artisancontemporaneous with the submission of this application.

“Amino” refers to a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine which may beoptionally substituted. Specifically included are secondary or tertiaryamine nitrogen atoms which are members of a heterocyclic ring. Alsospecifically included, for example, are secondary or tertiary aminogroups substituted by an acyl moiety. Some non-limiting examples ofamino group include —NR¹³R¹⁴ wherein each of R¹³ and R¹⁴ isindependently H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, acyl,heteroalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycyl.

“Alkyl” refers to a fully saturated acyclic monovalent radicalcontaining carbon and hydrogen, and which may be branched or a straightchain. In some embodiments, alkyl contains from about 1 to about 25carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-heptyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, and n-decyl.“Lower alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical of one to six carbon atoms, asexemplified by methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, isoamyl,n-pentyl, and isopentyl.

“Alkenyl” or “alkenylene” respectively refers to a monovalent ordivalent hydrocarbyl radical which has at least one double bond. Thealkenyl or alkenylene group may be cyclic, branched acyclic or straightacyclic. In some embodiments, the alkenyl or alkenylene group containsonly one double bond. In other embodiments, the alkenyl or alkenylenegroup contains two or more double bonds. In further embodiments, thealkenyl or alkenylene group can be a lower alkenyl or alkenylenecontaining from two to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain. Infurther embodiments, the alkenyl or alkenylene group can have one doublebond and up to 25 carbon atoms, as exemplified by ethenyl, propenyl,isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like.

“Alkynyl” or “alkynylene” respectively refers to a monovalent ordivalent hydrocarbyl radical which has at least a triple bond. In someembodiments, the alkynyl or alkynylene group contains only one triplebond. In other embodiments, the alkynyl or alkynylene group contains twoor more triple bonds. In further embodiments, the alkynyl or alkynylenegroup can be a lower alkynyl or alkynylene containing from two to eightcarbon atoms in the principal chain. In further embodiments, the alkynylor alkynylene group can have one triple bond and up to 20 carbon atoms,as exemplified by ethynyl, propynyl, isopropynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl,hexynyl, and the like.

“Aromatic” or “aromatic group” refers to aryl or heteroaryl.

“Aryl” refers to optionally substituted carbocyclic aromatic groups. Insome embodiments, the aryl group includes a monocyclic or bicyclic groupcontaining from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the ring portion, such asphenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl, substituted biphenyl orsubstituted naphthyl. In other embodiments, the aryl group is phenyl orsubstituted phenyl.

“Arylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group which is substituted with an arylgroup. Some non-limiting examples of aralkyl include benzyl andphenethyl.

“Alkylaryl” refers to an aryl group which is substituted with an alkylgroup. Some non-limiting examples of alkaryl include methylphenyl andmethylnaphthyl.

“Acyl” refers to a monovalent group of the formula —C(═O)H,—C(═O)-alkyl, —C(═O)-aryl, —C(═O)-aralkyl, or —C(═O)-alkaryl.

“Halogen” or “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

“Heteroatom” refers to atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

“Substituted” as used herein to describe a compound or chemical moietyrefers to that at least one hydrogen atom of that compound or chemicalmoiety is replaced with a second chemical moiety. Non-limiting examplesof substituents are those found in the exemplary compounds andembodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen; alkyl; heteroalkyl;alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy; alkoxyl; amino; nitro;thiol; thioether; imine; cyano; amido; phosphonato; phosphine; carboxyl;thiocarbonyl; sulfonyl; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; oxo;haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl); carbocyclic cycloalkyl, which can bemonocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl) or a heterocycloalkyl, which canbe monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl or thiazinyl); carbocyclic orheterocyclic, monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl (e.g.,phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl,oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl,pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl or benzofuranyl); amino(primary, secondary or tertiary); o-lower alkyl; o-aryl, aryl;aryl-lower alkyl; —CO₂CH₃; —CONH₂; —OCH₂CONH₂; —NH₂; —SO₂NH₂; —OCHF₂;—CF₃; —OCF₃; —NH(alkyl); —N(alkyl)₂; —NH(aryl); —N(alkyl)(aryl);—N(aryl)₂; —CHO; —CO(alkyl); —CO(aryl); —CO₂(alkyl); and —CO₂(aryl); andsuch moieties can also be optionally substituted by a fused-ringstructure or bridge, for example —OCH₂O—. These substituents canoptionally be further substituted with a substituent selected from suchgroups. All chemical groups disclosed herein can be substituted, unlessit is specified otherwise. For example, “substituted” alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, aryl, hydrocarbyl or heterocyclo moieties described herein aremoieties which are substituted with a hydrocarbyl moiety, a substitutedhydrocarbyl moiety, a heteroatom, or a heterocyclo. Further,substituents may include moieties in which a carbon atom is substitutedwith a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, boron,sulfur, or a halogen atom. These substituents may include halogen,heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protectedhydroxy, keto, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, thiol, ketals,acetals, esters and ethers.

“Hydroxy activating group” refers to a labile chemical moiety which isknown in the art to activate a hydroxyl group during an activationreaction such as in a substitution reaction. For example, the hydroxyactivating group —OB can be activated to form —OH by substituting the Bgroup with a hydrogen. In some embodiments, B is methanesulfonyl(mesyl), p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl), trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl),nonafluorobutanesulfonyl (nonflyl) or 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl. Somenon-limiting examples of hydroxyl activating group includemethanesulfonate (mesylate), p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate),trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), nonafluorobutanesulfonate(—OSO₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₃, nonflate), p-nitrobenzoate, phosphonate, halide andthe like.

“Hydroxy protecting group” refers to a labile chemical moiety which isknown in the art to protect a hydroxy group against undesired reactionsduring synthetic processes. The hydroxy protecting group may beselectively removed when there is no need for its protection. Somesuitable hydroxy protecting groups are described in P. G. M. Wuts and T.H. Greene, “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,” 4thedition, Wiley-Interscience, New York (2006), which is incorporatedherein by reference. Some non-limited examples of hydroxy protectinggroups include benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl,4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl,tert-butoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl,2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl,2-furfuryloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, formyl, chloroacetyl,trifluoroacetyl, methoxyacetyl, phenoxyacetyl, benzoyl, methyl, t-butyl,2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl,3-methyl-3-butenyl, allyl, benzyl, para-methoxybenzyldiphenylmethyl,triphenylmethyl (trityl), tetrahydrofuryl, methoxymethyl,methylthiomethyl, benzyloxymethyl, 2,2,2-triehloroethoxymethyl,2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, methanesulfonyl, para-toluenesulfonyl,trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and the like. In someembodiments, the hydroxy protecting group is acetyl, benzoyl, ortrimethylsilyl.

“Reacting”, “contacting” or the like refers to contacting one reactant,reagent, solvent, catalyst, reactive group or the like with anotherreactant, reagent, solvent, catalyst, reactive group or the like.Reactants, reagents, solvents, catalysts, reactive group or the like canbe added individually, simultaneously or separately and can be added inany order. They can be added in the presence or absence of heat and canoptionally be added under an inert atmosphere. In some embodiments,“reacting” refers to in situ formation or intra-molecular reaction wherethe reactive groups are in the same molecule.

“Substantially react” refers to that at least a reactant of a reactionis consumed by an amount of more than about 75% by mole, by more thanabout 80% by mole, by more than about 85% by mole, or by more than about90% by mole. In some embodiments, “substantially react” refers to thatthe reactant is consumed by more than about 95% by mole. In otherembodiments, “substantially react” refers to that the reactant isconsumed by more than about 97% by mole. In further embodiments,“substantially react” refers to that the reactant is consumed by morethan about 99% by mole.

“Cancer” refers to a group of diseases in which cells are aggressive(grow and divide without respect to normal limits), invasive (invade anddestroy adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastatic (spread to otherlocations in the body).

Tumor refers to an abnormal proliferation of genetically altered cells.Tumor can be malignant tumor or benign tumor. A benign tumor is a solidneoplasm that stops growing by itself, does not invade other tissues anddoes not form metastases.

“Diabetic retinopathy” refers to a diabetic eye disease caused bychanges in the blood vessels of the retina. In some people with diabeticretinopathy, blood vessels may swell and leak fluid. In other people,abnormal new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina.

“Rheumatoid arthritis” refers to a chronic, inflammatory autoimmunedisorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. It is asystemic disease, often affecting extra-articular tissues throughout thebody including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles.

“Psoriasis” refers to a chronic (long-lasting) skin diseasecharacterized by scaling and inflammation. Scaling occurs when cells inthe outer layer of skin reproduce faster than normal and pile up on theskin's surface. Psoriasis may be related to an abnormal immune systemthat produces too many of the immune cells, i.e., T cells, in the skin.These T cells may trigger the inflammation and excessive skin cellreproduction seen in people with psoriasis. This leads to inflammationand flaking of skin.

“Obesity” refers to a condition in which the natural energy reserve,stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased toa point where it is associated with certain health conditions orincreased mortality.

“Chronic kidney disease” or “chronic renal disease” refers to aprogressive loss of renal function over a period of months or yearsthrough five stages. Each stage is a progression through an abnormallylow and deteriorating glomerular filtration rate, which is usuallydetermined indirectly by the creatinine level in blood serum.

“Intestinal microsporidiosis” refers to an intestinal infection withmicrosporidia. “Microsporidiosis” refers to an infection withmicrosporidia. It is a symptomatic disease develops predominantly inpatients with AIDS and includes chronic diarrhea, disseminatedinfection, and corneal disease.

“Amebiasis” refers to an intestinal infection with a microscopicparasite called Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytic). The parasite isan amoeba, a single-celled organism. It is generally asymptomatic, butmild diarrhea to severe dysentery may occur.

“Taeniasis solium” refers to an infection with adult worms that followsingestion of contaminated pork.

“Cysticercosis” refers to an infection with larvae of Taenia solium fromova in human feces.

“Cryptosporidiosis” refers to an infection with Cryptosporidium. Theprimary symptom is watery diarrhea.

“Giardiasis” refers to an infection with the flagellated protozoanGiardia lamblia. Infection can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms rangingfrom intermittent flatulence to chronic malabsorption.

“Anisakiasis” refers to an infection with larvae of worms of the genusAnisakis and related genera such as Pseudoterranova. Infection isgenerally acquired by eating raw or poorly cooked saltwater fish.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of acidic or basicgroup that may be present in the compounds disclosed herein. Compoundsthat are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of saltswith various inorganic and organic acids. The acids that may be used toprepare pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such basic compounds arethose that form salts comprising pharmacologically acceptable anionsincluding, but not limited to, acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate,bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate,chloride, bromide, iodide, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate,estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate,glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydroxynaphthoate,isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, mandelate,mesylate, methylsulfate, muscate, napsylate, nitrate, panthothenate,phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate,succinate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, triethiodide, andpamoate. Compounds disclosed herein that include an amino group also canform pharmaceutically acceptable salts with various amino acids, inaddition to the acids mentioned above. Compounds disclosed herein thatare acidic in nature are capable of forming base salts with variouspharmacologically acceptable cations. Non-limiting examples of suchsalts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and,particularly, calcium, magnesium, sodium, lithium, zinc, potassium, andiron salts.

“Stereoisomer” refers to all enantiomerically/stereomerically pure andenantiomerically/stereomerically enriched compound disclosed herein.

“Stereomerically pure” or “enantiomerically pure” refers to a compoundcomprises one stereoisomer and is substantially free of its counterstereoisomer or enantiomer. For example, a compound is stereomericallyor enantiomerically pure when the compound contains 80%, 90% or 95% ormore of one stereoisomer and 20%, 10% or 5% or less of the counterstereoisomer. In some cases, a compound disclosed herein is consideredoptically active or stereomerically/enantiomerically pure (i.e.,substantially the R-form or substantially the S-form) with respect to achiral center when the compound is about 80% ee (enantiomeric excess) orgreater, preferably, equal to or greater than 90% ee with respect to aparticular chiral center and more preferably 95% ee with respect to aparticular chiral center.

“Stereomerically enriched” or “enantiomerically enriched” refers toracemic mixtures as well as other mixtures of stereoisomers of compoundsdisclosed herein (e.g., R/S=30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 55/45, 60/40,65/35 and 70/30).

“Hydrate” refers to a compound of the present invention or a saltthereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometericamount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.

“Solvate” refers to a solvate formed from the association of one or moresolvent molecules to a compound of the present invention. The term“solvate” includes hydrates (e.g., mono-hydrate, dihydrate, trihydrate,tetrahydrate, and the like).

“Polymorph” refers to solid crystalline forms of a compound of thepresent invention or complex thereof. Different polymorphs of the samecompound can exhibit different physical, chemical and/or spectroscopicproperties.

“Periodinane compound” refers to a chemical compound containinghypervalent iodine.

“Peroxide” refers to a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are unsaturated α-keto esters comprising Formula (I):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is alkyl, acyl (e.g., acetyl andbenzoyl), aryl, arylalkyl (e.g., benzyl), alkylaryl (e.g.,methylphenyl); each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Y is—CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ andR⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (I).In certain embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer of Formula(I). In other embodiments, each of X¹ and X² is S. In certainembodiments, R¹ is alkyl such as methyl and t-butyl. In furtherembodiments, R² is H. In still further embodiments, Y is alkyl such asmethyl. In still further embodiments, each of X¹ and X² is S; R¹ isalkyl; R² is H; and Y is alkyl.

Also provided herein are processes of making an unsaturated α-keto esterof Formula (I):

wherein the process comprises oxidizing the unsaturated α-hydroxyl esterof Formula (III):

or a stereoisomer thereof,with an oxidant to form the unsaturated α-keto ester of Formula (I),wherein R¹,R²,X¹,X² and Y are as defined herein.

Any oxidant that can oxidize an alcohol to an aldehyde can used herein.In some embodiments, the oxidant is a periodinane compound. In otherembodiments, the oxidant is Dess-Martin periodinane, i. e.,1,1,1-triacetoxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (CAS 87413-09-0).In further embodiments, the oxidant is pyridinium dichromate (PDC),pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), tetrapropylammoniumperruthenate/N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (TPAP/NMO) or a combinationthereof.

The unsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III) can be prepared by themethods disclosed herein or by other methods known to skilled artisans.In some embodiments, the unsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III)is prepared by contacting an ester of Formula (II):

or a stereoisomer thereof with a base and a peroxide.

Any peroxide that contains an oxygen-oxygen single bond can be usedherein. Some non-limiting examples of peroxide include compounds havingR′—O—O—R″ where each of R′ and R″ is independently H, alkyl or aryl.Other non-limiting examples of peroxide include hydrogen peroxide,superoxides, dioxygenyls, ozones and ozonides compound. In certainembodiments, the peroxide is t-BuOOH.

Any base known to a person skilled in the art can be used herein. Insome embodiments, the base is an organolithium reagent such as lithiumdiisopropylamide (LDA), lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS),lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), methyllithium, butyllithium,hexyllithium, sec-butyllithium, and phenyllithium; an organopotassiumreagent such as potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS); or anorganosodium reagent such as sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS).

In other embodiments, the unsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III)is prepared by the steps of:

(a) contacting an aldehyde of Formula (IV):

or a stereoisomer thereofwith a mixture of isocyanate and SiCl₄ in the presence of a catalyticamount of pyridine N-oxide or hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA); and

(b) quenching the reaction mixture with an alcohol having a formularepresented by R¹OH and sodium bicarbonate, wherein R¹, R², X¹, X² and Yare as defined herein.

Scheme 1 below depicts embodiments of the preparation of the unsaturatedα-keto ester of Formula (I), where each of X¹ and X² is S; R¹ is methylor t-butyl; R² is H; and Y is methyl, i.e., Compound 7a and 7b, from1,3-dithiane 1. Each of the acetal 4 and tert-butyl ester 8 contains a2,2-disubstituted dithiane group and they can be prepared independentlythrough an one-pot reaction with two deprotonation-alkylation sequenceas described in Seebach, D.; Corey, E. J., J. Org. Chem., 1975, 40, 231,which is incorporated herein by reference. The acetal 4 can bedeprotected to aldehyde 5, which can be then treated with SiCl₄ andt-BuNC in the presence of pyridine N-oxide or HMPA, and quenched withMeOH and saturated NaHCO₃ solution, to give compound 6a. The tert-butylester 8 was converted to 6b through α-hydroxylation with t-BuOOLi(Julia, M.; Jalmes, V. P.-S.; Plé, K.; Verpeaux, J.-N.; Hollingworth,G., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1996, 133, 15, which is incorporated herein byreference. Compound 6a or 6b can be converted to the cyclizationprecursors 7a or 7b by Dess-Martin oxidation as described in Dess, D.B.; Martin, J. C., J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 4155; and Dess, D. B.;Martin, J. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 7277, both of which areincorporated herein by reference.

Also provided herein is a 5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate comprisingFormula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹, R², X¹, X² and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (V).In certain embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer of Formula(V). In other embodiments, each of X¹ and X² is S. In certainembodiments, R¹ is alkyl such as methyl and t-butyl. In furtherembodiments, R² is H. In still further embodiments, Y is alkyl such asmethyl. In still further embodiments, each of X¹ and X² is S; R¹ isalkyl; R² is H; and Y is alkyl.

Also provided herein are processes of making a 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate having formula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the process comprises the step of contacting the unsaturatedα-keto ester of Formula (I) with a Lewis acid, and wherein R¹,R²,X¹, X²and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the Lewis acid is copper triflate (Cu(OTf)₂),copper hexafluoroantimonate (Cu(SbF₆)₂), scandium(III)trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)₃), ytterbiumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (Yb(OTf)₃), magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO₄)₂)or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the bisoxazoline ligand is(S,S)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane ((S,S)-Ph-BOX; CAS131457-46-0), (R,R)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane((R,R)-Ph-BOX; CAS 150529-93-4),(S,S)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane ((S,S)-tBu-BOX; CAS132098-54-5), (R,R)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane((R,R)-tBu-BOX; CAS 150529-93-4),2,6-bis[(4S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine ((4S)-iPr-PyBOX; CAS118949-61-4), 2,6-bis[(4R)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine((4R)-iPr-PyBOX; CAS 131864-67-0),2,6-bis[(4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine ((4S)-Ph-PyBOX; CAS174500-20-0), 2,6-bis[(4R)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine((4R)-Ph-PyBOX; CAS 128249-70-7) or a combination thereof.

Scheme 2 below depicts embodiments for the preparation of the5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate having formula (V) where each of X¹and X² is S; R¹ is methyl or t-butyl; R² is H; and Y is methyl, i.e.,Compound 10a or 10b. The reaction can be promoted by the use of acopper(II) salt with the chiral ligand of Ph-box to provide acombination of good yield, diastereoselectivity, regioselectivity andenatioselectivity.

Also provided herein is an unsaturated alcohol comprising Formula (VI):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ whereR³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² isindependently O or S; and Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl,acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl,dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino.

Also provided herein are processes of making an unsaturated alcohol,i.e. a 5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate, having formula (VI):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the processes comprise the steps of:

(a) contacting an unsaturated ester of Formula (V) with LiAlH₄ orDIBAL-H to form an unsaturated diol of Formula (VII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and

(b) selectively protecting the unsaturated diol of Formula (VII) or astereoisomer thereof with a tosylate, halide, mesylate or triflate toform the unsaturated ester of Formula (VI), wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl,triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenylor alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Yis —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.

In some embodiments, the halide is chloride, bromide or iodide.

Also provided herein are keto epoxides comprising Formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein R¹, R², and Y are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula(VIII). In other embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer ofFormula (VIII). In other embodiments, R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl. In further embodiments, R² is H. In still further embodiments,Y is alkyl such as methyl. In still further embodiments, R¹ is tosylate;R² is H; and Y is alkyl.

In certain embodiments, Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷where each of R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino; and R⁴ is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, or methoxymethyl.

Also provided herein are processes of making a keto epoxide, i.e. a5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate, having formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,wherein the processes comprise the step of contacting an unsaturatedketone of Formula (IX):

or a stereoisomer thereof,with Ti(iOPr)₄ or VO(acac)₂ and t-BuOOH in the presence or absence of 4Å molecular sieves, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, orunsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² ishydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl oralkylaryl; and Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ whereeach of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino. In some embodiments, the 4 Å molecularsieves are present. In other embodiments, the 4 Å molecular sieves areabsent.

Scheme 3 below depicts embodiments for the preparation of the ketoepoxide having Formula (VIII) where R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl; R² is H; and Y is methyl, i.e., Compound 14, as well asCompound 15, i.e., 5-demethoxyfumagillol. Compound 10a or 10b can beconverted to 5-demethxoyfumagillol by the multi-step synthesis depictedin Scheme 3. A reduction of Compound 10a or 10b with LiAlH₄ smoothly cangive diol 11. After selective protection of the primary hydroxyl of diol11 with p-tosyl group (as described in Hartung et al., Synthesis, 1997,1433, which is incorporated herein by reference), thioacetal cleavage ofCompound 12 under the standard Corey condition (as described in Corey etal., J. Org. Chem., 1971, 36, 3553, which is incorporated herein byreference) can lead to Compound 13. Following the literature precedentwith slightly modification, hydroxyl directed epoxidation of Compound 13with Ti(OiPr)₄ may lead to Compound 14 (>99% ee). Finally, the epoxideformation can be achieved together with the highly stereo-selectiveketone reduction with 2.2 equivalents of K-selectride®, which may leadto Compound 15.

In further embodiments, the 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative comprisesFormula (X), (X′), (X″), (XI) or (XI′):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶and R¹⁷ is independently hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl,alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Z is a bond, methylene,O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷; Y′ is—CH₂—R^(4′), —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; R^(4′) is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; each of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is independently H, unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl andcyclopentyl, alkenyl such as vinyl and allyl, alkynyl such asprop-2-ynyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; each of n and m isindependently an integer from 0 to 9 where the sum of n and m is atleast one; and k is an integer from 1 to 10, with the proviso that R¹⁴and R¹⁵ are not both H.

Also provided herein are processes of making a 5-demethoxyfumagillolderivative having formula (X) or (XI):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the processes comprise the steps of:

(a) reacting a keto epoxide comprising Formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,with a base to form 5-demethoxyfumagillol of Formula (XII):

or a stereoisomer thereof,

(b) contacting the 5-demethoxyfumagillol of Formula (XII) or astereoisomer thereof with a phenylchloroformate in the presence of afirst base to form an active intermediate of Formula (XIII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and

(c) reacting the active intermediate of Formula (XIII) with an amine ofFormula (XIV), (XV) or (XVI):

or stereoisomer thereof in the presence of a second base, wherein R¹ istosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl; X is NO₂ or hydrogen; each of R⁸, R⁹,R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is independently hydrogen, orunsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Zis a bond, methylene, O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ independently H, alkyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino; and each of n and m is independently aninteger from 0 to 9 and the sum of n and m is at least one.

In some embodiments, the each of the first base and the second base isindependently an organic base such as pyridine or triethylamine. Incertain embodiments, the phenylchloroformate is unsubstitutedphenylchloroformate or p-nitrophenylchloroformate.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (X) or(XI). In other embodiments, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer ofFormula (X) or (XI). In further embodiments, the 5-demethoxyfumagillolderivative of Formula (X) or (XI) has one of structures 17a-ac as shownherein:

Scheme 4 below depicts embodiments for the preparation of the5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative comprises Formula (X) or (XI). All thederivatives 17a-ac as shown above can be prepared using the generalprocedure as described in Scheme 4. Ester intermediate 16 can beprepared by treating 5-demethoxyfumagillol 15 withp-nitrophenylchloroformate in the presence of pyridine in CH₂Cl₂.Reacting ester intermediate 16 with an appropriate amine in the presenceof DMAP and triethylamine may lead to the desired derivatives 17a-ac orformula (X), (X′), (X″), (XI) or (XI′) according to the literatureprocedure described in Nozaki et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan., 1988, 61,2647, which is incorporated herein by reference. Similarly,

The 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives disclosed herein can be used asangiogenesis inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents for treating, managingor preventing a disease that is related to angiogenesis. In someembodiments, the disease related to angiogenesis is a cancer or tumor.In further embodiments, the disease related to angiogenesis is prostatecancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, pancreaticcancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cutaneous melanoma,leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or pancreatic cancer.

In addition to cancer or tumor, the 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivativesdisclosed herein can be used for treating, managing or preventingdiabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, obesity, chronickidney disease or intestinal infection. In some embodiments, the diseaseis an intestinal infection selected from intestinal microsporidiosis,taeniasis solium, cysticercosis, amebiasis, anisakiasis, giardiasis, orcryptosporidiosis.

In certain embodiments, the method for treating, managing or preventinga disease related to angiogenesis or other diseases disclosed hereincomprises administering a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of disclosedherein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof. In other embodiments, the disease disclosed hereinoccurs in a mammal. In further embodiments, the mammal is a human.

In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositionscomprising a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative disclosed herein, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph or stereoisomerthereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives disclosed herein can be used as amedicament or pharmaceutical composition for curative or preventivepurpose. Specifically, the 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives may be usedin a method of therapeutic treatment that consists of administering the5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate, polymorph or stereoisomer thereof to a mammal. As such, thecompounds may be used in the preparation of a medicament for curative orpreventive purposes, intended for the treatment of the human or animalbody.

The medicament may be administered directly in vivo, for example, into amuscle by infusion, into the lungs by aerosol and the like. It is alsopossible to adopt an ex vivo approach, which consists of collectingcells from the patient (bone marrow stem cells, peripheral bloodlymphocytes, muscle cells, nerve cells, neuron cells, epithelial cellsand the like), administering the compounds and re-administering thecells to the patient.

The 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives provided herein may beadministered by the intramuscular, intratracheal, intranasal,intracerebral, intrapleural, intratumoral, intracardiac, intragastric,intraperitoneal, epidermal, intravenous or intraarterial route by asyringe or by any other equivalent means, systems suitable for thetreatment of the airways or of the mucous membranes such as inhalation,instillation or aerosolization. Other routes of administration includeapplication of a cream, oral administration or any other means known tothe person skilled in the art and applicable to the compounds andcompositions provided herein.

Administration may be achieved by a variety of different routes. Oneroute is oral administration of a composition such as a pill, capsule orsuspension. Such composition may be prepared according to any methodknown in the art, and may comprise any of a variety of inactiveingredients. Suitable excipients for use within such compositionsinclude insert diluents (which may be solid materials, aqueous solutionsand/or oils) such as calcium, potassium, or sodium carbonate, lactose,calcium, potassium, or sodium phosphate, water, arachis oil, peanut oil,liquid paraffin or olive oil; granulating and disintegrating agents suchas maize starch, gelatin or acacia and/or lubricating agents suchasmagnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc. Other inactive ingredientsthat may, but need not, be present include one or more suspending agents(e.g., sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gumtragacanth, and gum acacia), thickeners (e.g., beeswax, paraffin orcetyl alcohol), dispersing or wetting agents, preservatives (e.g.,antioxidants such as ascorbic acid), coloring agents, sweetening agentsand/or flavoring agents.

A pharmaceutical composition may be prepared with carriers that protectactive ingredients against rapid elimination from the body, such as timerelease formulations or coatings. Such carriers include controlledrelease formulations, such as, but not limited to, microencapsulateddelivery systems, and biodegradable, biocompatible polymers, such asethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid,polyorthoesters, polylactic acid, polyethylene glycols, polyethyleneglycol ethers, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

In other embodiments, provided are methods in which the compounds aredirectly administered as a pressurized aerosol or nebulized formulationto the patient's lungs via inhalation. Such formulations may contain anyof a variety of known aerosol propellants useful for endopulmonaryand/or intranasal inhalation administration. In addition, water may bepresent, with or without any of co-solvents, surfactants, stabilizers(e.g., antioxidants, chelating agents, insert gases and buffers). Forcompositions to be administered from multiple dose containers,antimicrobial agents are typically added. Such compositions may also befiltered and sterilized, and may be lyophilized to provide enhancedstability and to improve solubility.

Pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in an amount, and with afrequency, that is effective to inhibit or alleviate the symptoms of adisease or condition, such as cystic fibrosis, and/or delay theprogression of the disease. The precise dosage and duration of treatmentmay be determined empirically using known testing protocols or bytesting the composition in model systems known in the art andextrapolating therefrom. Dosages may also vary with the severity of thedisease. A pharmaceutical composition may be formulated and administeredto exert a therapeutically useful effect while minimizing undesirableside effects. It will be apparent that, for any particular subject,specific dosage regimens may be adjusted over time according to theindividual need.

As noted above, a pharmaceutical composition may be administered to amammal to treat, manage or prevent cancer, tumor, diabetic retinopathy,rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, obesity, chronic kidney disease orintestinal infection. Patients that may benefit from administration of a5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative provided herein are those afflictedwith cancer, tumor, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis,psoriasis, obesity, chronic kidney disease or intestinal infection. Suchpatients may be identified based on standard criteria that are wellknown in the art.

Also provided are methods of administering the pharmaceuticalcompositions by intravenous, oral, instillation, inhalation, topical,intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular routes. Thepharmaceutical compositions may be administered, for example, in theform of capsules, powders, tablets, liquids, solutions, and aerosolizedsolutions.

Additional features and advantages ofthe invention will be set forth,and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned bypractice of the invention.

Dosages of the compositions provided will vary, depending on factorssuch as half-life of the compound, potential adverse effects of thecompound or of degradation products thereof, the route ofadministration, the condition of the patient, and the like. Such factorsare capable of determination by those skilled in the art. The exact doselevel given on a daily basis, of course, is meant to be adapted by aphysician to provide the optimum therapeutic response.

EXAMPLES

The methods of making 5-demethoxyfumagillol and derivatives andprecursors thereof are described in detail for compounds 4-16 and 17a-a.The detailed disclosure falls within the scope of, and serve toexemplify, the above described General Synthetic Procedures which formpart of this disclosure. These examples are presented for illustrativepurposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of thisdisclosure.

Preparation of Compound 4

Compound 4 was prepared according to Step a of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. 1,3-Dithiane was dissolved in THF, and treateddropwise with 1.1 equivalents of n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane) while stirringat −78° C. Stirring was continued at −20° C. for 2 hours and the anionso obtained was cooled to −78° C. HMPA was added and stirring was keptfor 15 minutes. 1.1 Equivalents of neryl bromide 2 was added to theabove solution. After stirring for 30 minutes at −78° C., anotherportion of 1.1 equivalents of n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane) was added to thesolution. Stirring was continued for 2 h, and 1.1 equivalents of 3 wereadded dropwise at −78° C. Acetal 4 was purified by flash columnchromatography (90% yield).

Compound 4 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.48 (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ5.26 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (br s, 1H), 4.90 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 1H),3.99-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.64 (m,2H), 2.55 (d,J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.07-2.03 (m, 6H), 1.96-1.89 (m, 2H),1.84-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.74 (d,J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 3H);¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 138.3, 131.5, 124.0, 118.4, 104.1, 64.8,52.9, 36.7, 32.2, 31.6, 28.9, 26.3, 25.9, 25.6, 25.1, 23.5, 17.5; IR(CH₂Cl₂) 2933, 1734 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 356 (M+, 4), 219 (100)113 (55); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₁₉H₃₂O₂S₂ [M]⁺ 356.1844, found 356.1830.

Preparation of Compound 5

Compound 5 was prepared according to Step b of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. 3 Equivalents of 2,6-lutidine and 2 equivalents ofTMSOTf were added to a solution of 4 in CH₂Cl₂ at 0° C. under Argon. Themixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 minute, and H₂O wasadded to the resulting mixture and stirred for 30 minutes. Aldehyde 5was purified by flash column chromatography (80% yield).

Compound 5 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.50 (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ9.83 (t, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (dt, J=6.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (br s, 1H),2.87 (ddd, J=14.5, 9.0, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (ddd, J=14.5, 7.0, 3.5 Hz,2H), 2.63 (dt, J=7.5, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 2.54 (dd, J=7.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 2.28(t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.07 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.74 (d, J=1.3Hz, 3H 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.1,139.0, 131.8, 124.0, 118.2, 52.6, 39.7, 37.3, 32.4, 30.2, 26.4, 26.1,25.7, 25.0, 23.6, 17.7; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2929, 2869, 1723 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20eV) m/z 312 (M⁺, 2), 175 (100), 119 (8); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₁₇H₂₈OS₂[M]⁺ 312.1582, found 312.1581.

Preparation of Compound 6a

Compound 6a was prepared according to Step c of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. t-BuNC (1.2 equivalents) was added to a solutionof Compound 5, pyridine N-oxide (0.1 equivalent) and SiCl₄ (1.1equivalents) in CH₂Cl₂ at −78° C. After being stirred further for 1 hourat 0° C., the solution was cooled to −78° C. and 50 equivalents of dryMeOH was added dropwise to the reation mixture. After stirring for 40minutes at −78° C., the mixture was transferred dropwise to avigoroursly stirred, ice cold saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ andfurther stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Compound 6 was purifiedby flash column chromatography (80% yield).

Compound 6a was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.12 (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ5.25 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (br s, 1H), 4.24-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s,3H), 2.87-2.77 (m, 5H), 2.55 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.07-1.95 (m, 9H),1.80-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.74 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 3H);¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 175.4, 138.6, 131.7, 124.1, 118.4, 70.1,52.9, 52.5, 36.9, 32.9, 32.3, 29.5, 26.4, 26.0, 25.9, 25.6, 25.1, 23.6,17.6; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3548, 2969, 2936, 1736 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 372(M⁺, 3), 235 (100), 161 (31); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₁₉H₃₂O₃S₂ [M]⁺372.1793, found 312.1801.

Preparation of Compound 8

Compound 8 was prepared according to Step e of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. 1,3-Dithiane was dissolved in THF, and treateddropwise with 1.1 equivalents n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane) while stirring at−78° C. Stirring was continued at −20° C. for 2 hours and the anion soobtained was cooled to −78° C. HMPA was added and stirring was kept for15 minutes. 1.1 Equivalents of neryl bromide 2 were added to the abovesolution. After stirring for 30 minutes at −78° C., another portion of1.1 equivalents of n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane) was added to the solution.Stirring was continued for 2 h, and the anion so obtained was cannulatedinto the solution of 1.1 equivalents of tert-butyl 4-iodobutyrate 9 inTHF/HMPA (10:1, 25 mL) at −78° C. Unsaturated ester 8 was purified byflash column chromatography (70% yield).

Compound 8 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.42 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 9:1); IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2974, 2934,1724, 1245, 1152 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.25 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H),5.12 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.58 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (t, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.88 (m, 4H) 1.76-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.74(s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 172.4, 138.2, 131.4, 124.0, 118.6, 79.9, 53.0, 37.2, 36.6,35.3, 32.2, 28.0, 26.3, 26.0, 25.6, 25.1, 23.5, 20.1, 17.5; LRMS (EI, 20eV) m/z 398 (M⁺, 2), 261 (33), 205 (100), 145 (15); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₂₂H₃₈O₂S₂ ⁺ [M⁺] 398.2313, found 398.2317.

Preparation of Compound 6b

Compound 6b was prepared according to Step f of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. To cooled (−78° C.) THF under argon was added 4.0equivalents of diisopropylamine, followed by 3.6 equivalents n-BuLi (2.5M in hexane). The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0° C., thencooled to −78° C., 8 in THF was then added dropwise. Stirring wascontinued at −78° C. for 1 hr, and then 2 equivalents of tert-butylhydroperoxide (5.5 M in decane) were slowly added. α-Hydroxyl ester 6was purified by flash column chromatography (68% yield).

Compound 6b was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.31 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ5.26 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.85 (m, 2H),2.79-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.07 (m, 5H), 1.98-1.93(m, 4H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 3H), 1.50(s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 174.3, 138.5, 131.7, 124.1, 118.6,82.5, 70.1, 52.9, 36.9, 32.6, 32.4, 29.4, 28.0, 26.4, 26.0 (2), 25.7,25.2, 23.6, 17.6; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3685, 3041, 1720, 1605, 1159 cm⁻¹; LRMS(EI, 20 eV) m/z 414 (M⁺, 1), 221 (100), 153 (14), 145 (35); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₂₂H₃₈O₃S₂ ⁺ [M⁺] 414.2262, found 414.2263.

Preparation of Compound 7a

Compounds 7a was prepared according to Step d of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. A solution of Compound 6a in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ wastreated sequentially at 0° C. with 10 equivalents of solid NaHCO₃ and1.2 equivalents of Dess-Martin periodinane. Keto ester 7a was purifiedby flash column chromatography (73% yield).

Compound 7a was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.31 (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ5.25 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (brs, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.96 (t, J=7.1 Hz,2H), 2.83-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.55 (dd, J=7.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H),2.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 5H), 1.90-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.75 (d,J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl₃) δ192.6, 161.3, 139.3, 131.8, 124.0, 117.8, 53.0, 52.6, 37.3, 34.7, 32.3,26.4, 26.1, 25.7, 24.8, 23.6, 17.7; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2929, 2856, 1731 cm⁻¹;LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 370 (M⁺, 2), 233 (100), 201 (7); HRMS (EI) calcdfor C₁₉H₃₀O₃S₂ [M]⁺ 370.1636, found 370.1633.

Preparation of Compound 7b

Compound 7b was prepared according to Step d of Scheme 1 which isdescribed as follows. A solution of Compound 6b in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ wastreated sequentially at 0° C. with 10 equivalents of solid NaHCO₃ and1.2 equivalents of Dess-Martin periodinane. Keto ester 7b was purifiedby flash column chromatography (73% yield).

Compound 7b was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.56 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 4:1); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ5.26 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (m, 1H), 2.90 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.81(m, 2H), 2.71-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.54 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (t, J=7.3 Hz,2H), 2.08-2.05 (m, 5H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.75 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 3H), 1.69(s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 194.2,160.3, 139.1, 131.7, 124.0, 117.8, 83.7, 52.6, 37.2, 34.4, 32.3, 32.1,27.7, 26.4, 26.1, 25.7, 24.8, 23.6, 17.6; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2977, 1719, 1160cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 412 (M⁺, 3), 279 (19), 219 (55), 167 (45),149 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₂H₃₆O₃S₂ ⁺ [M⁺] 412.2106, found412.2112.

Preparation of Compounds 10a and 10b

Compound 10 can be prepared by ene cyclization of a preferredunsaturated α-keto ester, i.e., Compound 7. The ene cyclization can becatalyzed by an acid such as Lewis acids. One embodiment of such enecyclization catalyzed by a Lewis acid is illustrated in Scheme 2, i.e.,step g.

Intramolecular Carbonyl Ene Reaction Catalyzed with Cu(OTf)₂ and Ph-box

A mixture of (S,S)-Ph-box (0.22 equivalents) and copper triflate(Cu(OTf)₂, 0.2 equivalents) were mixed in CH₂Cl₂ for 0.5 hours at roomtemperature in the presence of activated 4 Å MS powder (500 mg per mmolsubstrate). Then Compound 7 in CH₂Cl₂ was added. The reaction contentswere filtered through a thin pad of silica gel and then concentrated togive an analytically pure compound.

Intramolecular Carbonyl Ene Reaction Catalyzed with Cu(SbF₆)₂ and Ph-boxPreparation of Compound 10a

Compound 10a was prepared according to Step g of Scheme 2 which isdescribed as follows. 0.22 Equivalents of (S,S)-Ph-box, 0.20 equivalentsof CuCl₂ and 0.44 equivalents of AgSbF₆ were mixed in CH₂Cl₂ for 8 hoursat room temperature, then filtered through cotton to the activated 4 ÅMS powder (500 mg per mmol substrate). Then Compound 7a in CH₂Cl₂ wasadded. The reaction contents were filtered through a thin pad of silicagel and then concentrated to give an analytically pure compound.

Compound 10a was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.35 (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 4:1); [α]_(D) ²³=−2.4° (c=0.50,CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.21 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.05-5.02 (m,1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, 1H) 2.95-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.75 (m, 2H),2.64 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (dt, J=13.7, 4.2 Hz, 2.266 (t, J=13.2 Hz,1H), 2.20-1.17 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.09 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.68 (d,J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.61 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.59-1.58 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR(125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 176.8, 133.8, 131.9, 127.9, 122.7, 76.5, 52.5, 49.8,47.4, 37.3, 32.4, 31.8, 26.9, 26.3, 26.1, 25.6, 17.7, 15.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂)3542 (br), 2936, 2877, 1732 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 370 (M⁺, 5), 295(15), 153 (100), 136 (91); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₁₉H₃₀O₃S₂ [M]⁺ 370.1636,found 370.1640.

Preparation of Compound 10b

Compound 10b was prepared according to Step g of Scheme 2 which isdescribed as follows. 0.22 Equivalents of (S,S)-Ph-box, 0.20 equivalentsof CuCl₂ and 0.44 equivalents of AgSbF₆ were mixed in CH₂Cl₂ for 8 hoursat room temperature, then filtered through cotton to the activated 4 ÅMS powder (500 mg per mmol substrate). Then Compound 7b in CH₂Cl₂ wasadded. The reaction contents were filtered through a thin pad of silicagel and then concentrated to give an analytically pure compound.

Compound 10b was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.58 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 4:1); [α]_(D) ²³=+12.6° (c=1.0,CH₂Cl₂, 96% ee); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.28 (dt, J=2.8 Hz, 7.0 Hz,1H), 5.05-5.04 (m, 1H), 3.14 (s, 1H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.79 (m,2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.97(m, 6H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 175.6, 134.3, 131.5, 127.6, 122.9, 82.4, 76.2, 49.8,47.0, 37.8, 32.7, 32.6, 28.0, 26.9, 26.3, 26.1, 25.6, 17.6, 15.1; IR(CH₂Cl₂) 3039, 1713, 1163, 1132 cm⁻¹; HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₂H₃₆O₃S₂ ⁺[M⁺] 412.2106, found 412.2106.

A preferred embodiment ofthe process of making 5-demethoxyfumagillol isillustrated in Scheme 3.

Preparation of Compound 11

Compound 11 was prepared according to Step h of Scheme 3 which isdescribed as follows. To a suspension of 2 equivalents of LiAlH₄ in THFwas added Compound 10 in THF slowly at 0° C. Following 30 minutes ofstirring at 0° C., the reaction contents were diluted with Et₂O.Compound 11 was purified by flash column chromatography (99% yield).R_(f)=0.58 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1).

Compound 11 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.58 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1); [α]_(D) ²³=+5.7° (c=1.0,CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.30 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.90(m, 2H), 2.76-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.49 (dd, J=12.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 2.16-2.00 (m,8H), 1.76 (td, J=13.6, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s,3H), 1.60 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 136.3, 132.0, 127.0, 122.2,72.6, 69.7, 50.0, 47.3, 37.9, 32.6, 30.8, 26.8, 26.2, 26.0, 25.8, 25.6,17.7, 16.4; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3606, 3550, 2933, 1031 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV)m/z 342 (M⁺, 38), 324 (36), 273 (100), 195 (87), 145 (59); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₁₈H₂₈O₂S₂ ⁺ [M⁺−2H] 340.1531, found 340.1520.

Preparation of Compound 12

Compound 12 was prepared according to Step i of Scheme 3 which isdescribed as follows. A solution of Compound 11 in CH₂Cl₂ was treatedsequentially at 0° C. with 3 equivalents of DABCO and 2 equivalents ofTsCl in small portions. The slurry so obtained was stirred for 30minutes at 0° C. The tosyl mono-protected alcohol Compound 12 waspurified by flash column chromatography (91% yield).

Compound 12 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.34 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 4:1); [α]_(D) ²³=+6.1° (c=1.0,CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d,J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.20 (td, J=6.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (m, 1H), 3.87 (d,J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.70 (m,2H), 2.65 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (dd, J=12.9 Hz, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s,3), 2.22 (t, J=13.3 Hz, 1H), 2.09-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.81(td, J=18.2 Hz, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.75 (s, 1H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.64 (s, 3H),1.61 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.58 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 144.9,134.3, 132.6, 131.9, 129.8, 127.9, 127.8, 122.4, 75.8, 71.3, 49.7, 46.2,37.6, 32.3, 30.8, 26.8, 26.3, 26.0, 25.8, 25.6, 21.6, 17.7, 16.2; IR(CH₂Cl₂) 3064, 1605, 1417, 1178 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 497 ([M+H]⁺,8), 253 (35), 172 (42), 145 (100), 107 (60); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₂₅H₃₆O₄S₃ [M⁺]496.1776, found 496.1775.

Preparation of Compound 13

Compound 13 was prepared according to Step j of Scheme 3 which isdescribed as follows. A solution of Compound 12 in Et₂O was addedquickly to a well-stirred solution of 4 equivalents of NCS and 4.5equivalents of AgNO₃ in CH₃CN/H₂O (4:1) at room temperature. The mixturewas stirred for 1 minute and treated successively at 0.5-min intervalswith saturated aqueous Na₂SO₃, saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃, and brine. Theexpected ketone 13 was purified by flash column chromatography (84%yield).

Compound 13 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.11 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 4:1); m.p.=42.5-44.0° C.; [α]_(D)²³=−3.1° (c=1.0, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78 (d, J=8.3 Hz,2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.17 (td, J=7.0 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (m,1H), 4.00 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (t, J=14.0Hz, 1H), 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.65 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.42 (dd,J=13.9, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 1H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.70(td, J=14.0, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 3H); ¹³CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 210.5, 145.2, 132.9, 132.4, 132.2, 129.9, 128.6,127.9, 122.0, 75.2, 71.0, 51.4, 41.7, 36.1, 34.6, 26.8, 25.5, 21.6,17.7, 14.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3050, 1713, 1605, 1178 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV)m/z 406 (M⁺, 3), 337 (15), 165 (27), 155 (100), 120 (70); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₂₂H₃₀O₅S⁺ 406.1814, found 406.1799.

Preparation of Compound 14

Compound 14 was prepared according to Step k of Scheme 3 which isdescribed as follows. One equivalent of Ti(OiPr)₄ was added to a cold(−25° C.) solution of Compound 13 in CH₂Cl₂ containing 4 Å molecularsieves (500 mg/mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and 2equivalents of tBuOOH (5.5 M in decane) were added. The reaction wasallowed to proceed for 12 hours and 2 equivalents of Me₂S were added.Compound 14 was purified by flash column chromatography (91% yield).R_(f)=0.39 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1).

Compound 14 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.39 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1); m.p. 81.5-83.0° C.; [α]_(D)²³=−3.4° (c=1.0, CH₂Cl₂, >99% ee); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.80 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (d,J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (s, 1H) 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H),2.68-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 1H),1.90 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.34 (s,3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 209.2, 145.4, 135.5, 132.4, 130.1, 128.0,117.6, 73.8, 71.4, 63.3, 61.9, 47.5, 39.3, 35.9, 34.7, 29.7, 27.4, 25.7,21.7, 18.0; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2929, 1754, 1722, 1600, 1365, 1190, 1178, 976cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 404 (M⁺, 53), 335 (14), 250 (36), 219 (100),163 (41), 109 (80); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₂H₂₈O₅S⁺ [M⁺−H₂O] 404.1657,found 404.1656.

Preparation of Compound 15

Compound 15 was prepared according to Step l of Scheme 3 which isdescribed as follows. 2.2 equivalents of K-selectride® (1 M in THF) wereadded to a cold (−78° C.) solution of Compound 14 in THF. The mixturewas stirred for 30 minutes. Compound 15 was purified by flash columnchromatography (94% yield).

Compound 15 was characterized by the following experimental data:R_(f)=0.31 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1); [α]_(D) ²³=−9.6° (c=1.0,CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (t,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=7.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H),2.53 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.24 (td, J=13.3, 4.9 Hz,1H), 2.13-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.78(m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.09 (dt, J=13.7, 3.2Hz, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 134.9, 118.3, 65.5, 64.2, 60.5,59.6, 51.1, 42.1, 33.1, 30.1, 29.1, 27.5, 25.7, 18.0, 13.6; IR (CH₂Cl₂)3495, 2941, 1606, 1487, 1386, 1083, 984, 950 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z252 (M⁺, 1), 165 (57), 153 (91), 135 (100), 111(81); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₁₅H₂₄O₃ ⁺ [M⁺] 252.1725, found 252.1724.

In some embodiments, 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivatives can be preparedaccording to the scheme shown in Scheme 4.

Preparation of Compound 16

Compound 16 was prepared according to Step m of Scheme 4 which isdescribed as follows. To a solution of p-nitrophenylchloroformate (60.5mg, 0.30 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added dry pyridine (32.5 μL, 0.40mmol). Instantaneously a white precipitate was formed. A solution ofCompound 15 (25.2 mg, 0.10 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added dropwise.The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes at room temperature and thendiluted with Et₂O (30 mL). The resulting mixture was washed with water(3×10 mL) and brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure.

General Procedure for the Preparation of Compounds 17a-ac

Compounds 17a-ac were prepared according to Step n of Scheme 4 which isdescribed as follows. The yellow residue from step [m] was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (2 mL), and the appropriate amine (0.11 mmol), DMAP (1.22 mg,0.010 mmol), and triethylamine (21 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added at rt. Afterstirring for 3 hours at room temperature, the reaction was quenched withcold saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ and extracted with Et₂O (30mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.The yellow residue was purified by flash silica gel columnchromatography to give one of Compounds 17a-ac.

Compounds 17a-ac were characterized by the following experimental data:

Compound 17a was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.34 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−4.2° (c=2.0, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, 50° C.) δ 5.61 (br s,1H), 5.45 (br s, 1H), 5.20-5.17 (m, 3H), 3.94 (br s, 1H), 2.87 (d, J=4.4Hz, 1H), 2.73-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.51 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.33 (m, 1H),2.18-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.98 (td, J=12.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 1.93-1.85 (m, 2H),1.78 (dd, J=12.6, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.10 (m,4H), 1.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 173.5, 156.0, 135.0, 118.3, 69.9, 64.1, 60.2, 59.8, 59.2, 51.1,43.1, 31.0, 30.3, 30.1, 29.7, 27.9, 25.7, 19.2, 18.0, 17.9, 13.5; IR(CHCl₃) 3432, 2969, 1691, 1522, 1217 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 350 (1),235 (33), 136 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₀H₃₂NO₄ [M−CONH₂]⁺ 350.2331,found 350.2330.

Compound 17b was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.31 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−5.1° (c=1.5, CDCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.97 (br s, 1H), 5.55(br s, 1H), 5.23-5.15 (m, 3H), 4.02-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=4.3 Hz,1H), 2.70 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2.39-2.33 (m, 1H),2.18-2.07 (m, 5H), 1.98-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H),1.14-1.11 (m, 4H), 0.99 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); ¹³CNMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 173.4, 156.0, 135.0, 118.3, 70.0, 64.1, 60.2,59.8, 59.2, 51.1, 43.1, 30.7, 30.3, 29.8, 27.9, 27.6, 25.7, 19.2, 18.0,17.7, 13.5; IR (CDCl₃) 3416, 2980, 1692, 1504, 1216 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20eV) m/z 350 (5), 235 (22), 136 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₀H₃₂NO₄[M−CONH₂]⁺ 350.2331, found 350.2335.

Compound 17c was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.44 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−4.9° (c=2.7, CDCl₃); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, 50° C.) δ 7.32-7.27 (m,2H), 7.23-7.22 (m, 3H), 5.50 (br s, 2H), 5.21-5.16 (m, 3H), 4.33 (br s,1H), 3.07-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H),2.51 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.97 (td,J=13.5, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 1.90-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.66 (s, 3H),1.13-1.10 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 173.0, 155.4, 136.4,135.0, 129.4, 128.8, 127.1, 118.3, 70.0, 64.1, 60.2, 59.2, 55.8, 51.1,43.0, 38.6, 30.2, 29.7, 27.8, 27.6, 25.8, 18.0, 13.5; IR (CDCl₃) 3407,2954, 1693, 1601, 1497, 1216 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 425 (39), 284(50), 146 (100), 136 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₅H₃₂NO₄ [M−H₂O ]⁺424.2362, found 424.2346

Compound 17d was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.37 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−8.6° (c=0.60, CDCl₃); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.31-7.21 (m, 5H),5.76 (br s, 1H), 5.37 (br s, 1H), 5.19-5.15 (m, 3H), 4.46-4.40 (m, 1H),3.10 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H),2.54 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 4H), 2.01-1.88(m, 3H), 1.75 (s, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (125MHz, CDCl₃) δ 173.0, 155.5, 136.5, 135.0, 129.3, 128.8, 127.1, 118.3,70.1, 64.1, 60.2, 59.2, 55.7, 51.1, 43.0, 38.4, 30.2, 29.7, 27.8, 27.5,25.7, 18.0, 13.4; IR (CDCl₃) 3403, 2946, 1693, 1605, 1500, 1223 cm⁻¹;LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 398 (11), 301 (11), 235 (11), 146 (79), 136 (100);HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₅H₃₂NO₄ [M−H₂O]⁺ 398.2331, found 398.2334.

Compound 17e was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.37 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−23.1° (c=1.8, CDCl₃); ¹H NMR (500M, CDCl₃, 50° C.) δ 7.39-7.30 (m,5H), 5.83 (br s, 1H), 5.49 (br s, 2H), 5.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (brs, 2H), 2.85 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (d, J=3.6Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.06-1.87 (m, 5H),1.75-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 1.10 (br s, 1H); ¹³C NMR(125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 171.9, 155.2, 137.8, 135.0, 129.2, 128.7, 127.4,118.3, 69.9, 64.1, 60.2, 59.2, 58.5, 51.1, 43.0, 30.3, 29.7, 27.8, 27.6,25.7, 18.0, 13.4; IR (CDCl₃) 3416, 2954, 1698, 1605, 1496, 1047 cm⁻¹;LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 384 (15), 235 (21), 176 (38), 136 (100); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₂₃H₃₀NO₄ [M−CONH₂]⁺ 384.2175, found 384.2180.

Compound 17f was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.40 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=−4.2° (c=2.1, CDCl₃); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, 50° C.) δ 5.94 (br s,1H), 5.47 (br s, 1H), 5.20-5.17 (m, 2H), 5.01-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.13 (br s,1H), 2.87 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.76-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.51 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.98 (td, J=13.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H),1.92-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.67 (m, 5H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.55-1.48 (m, 1H),1.15-1.11 (m, 4H), 0.96 (apparent t, J=6.3 Hz, 6H); ¹³C NMR (150 MHz,CDCl₃), two conformers δ 175.7, 174.8, 155.9, 155.5, 135.0, 118.2,118.1, 70.7, 70.0, 64.1, 60.7, 60.2, 59.4, 59.2, 55.4, 52.8, 51.3, 51.1,43.1, 42.4, 41.4, 41.2, 30.3, 30.1, 29.7, 27.9, 27.8, 27.5, 25.8, 24.8(2), 24.7, 22.9, 22.1, 18.0, 13.4, 13.3; IR (CDCl₃) 3409, 2961, 1694,1597, 1505, 1216 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 365 (6), 235 (21), 165 (21),149 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₁H₃₅NO₄ [M−CONH₂]⁺ 365.2566, found365.2511.

Compound 17g was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.40 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc, 2:3); [α]_(D)²³=+9.1° (c=0.11, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.18 (m, 5H),5.86 (br s, 1H), 5.17-5.15 (m, 3H), 4.33-4.31 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.19 (m,4H), 3.10 (dd, J=13.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (dd, J=13.6, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.89(d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H),2.42-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.86 (m,2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.71 (dd, J=12.7, 3.76 Hz, 1H), 1.68-1.63 (m, 5H),1.15-1.09 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.9, 155.4, 135.0,129.3, 128.8, 127.1, 118.3, 70.1, 64.1, 60.2, 59.1, 56.4, 51.1, 49.0,43.1, 38.7, 37.0, 30.2, 29.8, 28.5, 27.9, 27.6, 25.7, 18.0, 13.4; IR(CH₂Cl₂) 2930, 2861, 1724, 1670, 1606 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 497(1), 235 (22), 165 (25), 137 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₈H₃₉N₃O₅[M−N₂]⁺ 497.2889, found 497.2887.

Compound 17h was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.37 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=+30.0° (c=0.20, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.31-7.19 (m, 5H),5.59 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.14 (m, 2H), 4.83-4.80 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.41(m, 5H), 3.31-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.06 (dd,J=14.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (dd,J=12.9, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.68 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d,J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.99-1.88 (m, 3H),1.75-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.13-1.10 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 169.9, 155.0, 136.2, 135.0, 129.6, 128.6, 127.2, 118.4, 69.6,66.4, 66.0, 64.1, 60.2, 59.2, 51.2, 51.1, 46.0, 42.9, 42.3, 40.6, 30.2,29.8, 28.0, 27.6, 25.7, 18.0, 13.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2928, 2842, 1725, 1644,1606 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 513 (10), 279 (14), 235 (32), 218 (100),131(93); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₆ [M]⁺ 512.2886, found 512.2880.

Compound 17i was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.50 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=+2.2° (c=0.18, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.32-7.18 (m, 5H),5.81 (br s, 1H), 5.75-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.75-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.01 (m,5H), 4.31-4.29 (m, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.13-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.89(d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H),2.42-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.17-1.86 (m, 6), 1.75-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H),1.13-1.07 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.5, 155.4, 136.6,135.0, 133.5, 129.3, 128.7, 127.0, 118.3, 116.7, 70.0, 64.1, 60.1, 59.1,56.4, 51.1, 43.0, 41.9, 38.8, 30.2, 29.7, 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 18.0, 13.4;IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3440, 2929, 2861, 1719, 1679, 1606 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV)m/z 483 (1), 235 (24), 205 (34), 131 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₂₈H₃₈N₂O₅ [M]⁺ 482.2781, found 482.2792.

Compound 17j was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.37 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=+9.5° (c=0.18, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.31-7.17 (m, 5H),5.69 (br s, 1H), 5.23-5.12 (m, 3H), 4.26-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.10 (dd, J=13.5,6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (dd, J=13.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69(t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.33(m, 1H), 2.12-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.96-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.65(s, 3H), 1.13-1.07 (m, 4H), 0.74-0.67 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.28 (m, 2H); ¹³CNMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 172.0, 155.4, 136.7 135.0, 129.3, 128.7, 127.0,118.3, 69.9, 64.1, 60.1, 59.2, 56.2, 51.1, 43.0, 39.0, 30.2, 29.7, 27.9,27.6, 25.7, 22.4, 18.0, 13.5, 6.5, 6.4; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3434, 2969, 2915,1725, 1684, 1603, 1496 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 483 (6), 235 (26), 187(44), 137 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₈H₃₈N₂O₅ [M]⁺ 482.2780, found482.2774.

Compound 17k was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.32 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=+27.5° (c=0.12, CH₂CL₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.24-7.15 (m, 7H),6.99 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.57 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H),5.13 (br s, 1H), 4.87-4.79 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 2H),3.32-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.95 (m, 3H), 2.89 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t,J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.22 (m,2H), 2.16-1.99 (m, 3H), 1.95-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s,3H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 169.5, 162.1 (d,¹J_(C-F)=243.8 Hz), 154.9, 136.3, 134.9, 133.3, 130.5 (d, ³J_(C-F)=7.9Hz), 129.6, 128.5, 127.0, 118.4, 115.1 (d, ²J_(C-F)=21.1 Hz), 69.5,64.0, 61.8, 60.1, 59.2, 52.4, 52.3, 51.3, 51.1, 45.6, 42.9, 42.0, 40.5,30.2, 29.8, 28.0, 27.6, 25.7, 18.0, 13.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 2960, 1719, 1643,1611 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 620 (4), 551 (14), 367 (14), 164 (56),109 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₃₆H₄₆FN₃O₅ [M]⁺ 619.3421, found619.3443.

Compound 17l was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.29 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:1); [α]_(D)²³=−12.2° (c=0.23, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.33-7.20 (m, 5H),5.88 (br s, 1H), 5.25-5.16 (m, 3H), 4.33 (br s, 1H), 3.96-3.92 (m, 2H),3.16-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.89 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54(d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.94 (td,J=12.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 1.90-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.67 (s, 3H),1.14-1.08 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.6, 155.4, 136.2,135.0, 129.4, 128.8, 127.1, 118.3, 78.9, 71.7, 70.1, 64.1, 60.1, 59.1,56.2, 51.1, 43.1, 38.7, 30.2, 29.7, 29.1, 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 18.0, 13.4;IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3440, 3305, 2969, 2923, 1725, 1685, 1617 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20eV) m/z 481 (1), 247 (17), 235 (33), 186 (56), 136 (100); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₂₈H₃₆N₂O₅ [M]⁺480.2624, found 480.2639.

Compound 17m was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.53 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=+24.2° (c=0.12, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.26-7.15 (m, 5H),7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.90 (br s, 1H),5.20-5.12 (m, 3H), 4.35-4.27 (m, 3H), 3.80-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.13 (dd,J=13.6, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (dd, J=13.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (d, J=4.3 Hz,1H), 2.67 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.33 (m, 1H),2.16-1.86 (m, 6H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.66 (s, 3H),1.13-1.06 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.4, 159.0, 155.4,136.6, 135.0, 129.6, 129.3, 129.2, 128.7, 127.0, 118.3, 114.0, 70.0,64.1, 60.1, 59.1, 56.4, 55.3, 51.1, 43.1, 38.9, 30.2, 29.7, 27.8, 27.5,25.7, 18.0, 13.4; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3443, 2963, 2923, 1711, 1670, 1603 cm⁻¹;LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 563 (1), 310 (47), 211 (24), 136 (56), 121 (100);HRMS (EI) calcd for C₃₃H₄₂N₂O₆ [M]⁺562.3043, found 562.3042.

Compound 17n was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.35 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=−7.5° (c=0.24, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.07 (br s, 1H),5.21-5.15 (m, 3H), 3.84 (dd, J=8.6, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H),2.73-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10(m, 4H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.11(m, 4H), 0.96 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 3H), 0.81-0.76 (m,2H), 0.53 (br s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 172.5, 156.0, 134.9,118.3, 69.9, 64.0, 60.2, 60.1, 59.2, 51.1, 43.0, 31.0, 30.2, 29.7, 27.9,27.5, 25.7, 22.6, 19.2, 18.0, 17.9, 13.5, 6.6; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3434, 2956,2923, 1719, 1678, 1603, 1502 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 435 (1), 307(16), 182 (34), 140 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₄H₃₈N₂O₅ [M]⁺ 434.2781,found 434.2793.

Compound 17o was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.50 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=−4.2° (c=0.31, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.80 (br s, 1H),5.25-5.16 (m, 3H), 4.20 (sext, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (dd, J=8.6, 6.3 Hz,1H), 2.90 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz,1H), 2.41-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.88 (m, 6H), 1.78-1.75(m, 4H), 1.70-1.62 (m, 6H), 1.40-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.11 (m, 4H), 0.94(d, J=7.9 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃) δ170.5, 162.4, 155.9, 134.9, 118.4, 69.8, 64.0, 60.5, 60.1, 59.2, 51.2,51.1, 43.0, 33.1, 33.0, 31.1, 30.2, 29.8, 27.9, 27.6, 25.7, 23.7, 19.1,18.0, 13.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂) 3399, 2965, 2861, 1715, 1672, 1597, 1500 cm⁻¹;LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 463 (1), 235 (40), 143 (64), 137 (100); HRMS (EI)calcd for C₂₆H₄₂N₂O₅ [M]⁺462.3094, found 462.3095.

Compound 17p was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.39 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−4.7° (c=1.0, CHCl₃); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, 50° C.) δ 5.19 (t,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (br s, 1H), 5.07 (br s, 1H), 4.2 (br s, 1H), 3.73(s, 3H), 2.88 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (d, J=4.4Hz, 1H), 2.38-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 4H), 2.03-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.76(dd, J=12.3, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.17-1.10 (m, 4H),0.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 172.5, 155.8, 134.9, 118.4, 69.8, 64.0, 60.2, 59.3, 58.9, 52.1, 51.1,43.0, 31.4, 30.3, 29.7, 27.9, 27.6, 25.7, 18.9, 18.0, 17.7, 13.5; IR(CDCl₃) 3440, 2969, 2934, 1738, 1718, 1602, 1507 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV)m/z 350 (2), 235 (14), 165 (23), 136 (100); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₂₀H₃₂NO₄ [M−COOMe]⁺350.2331, found 350.2324.

Compound 17q was characterized by the following experimental data:yellow oil; R_(f)=0.53 (silica gel, hexanes/EtOAc, 1:2); [α]_(D)²³=−14.5° (c=0.38, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.14 (d, J=9.2 Hz,2H), 6.82 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2H), 5.25 (br s, 1H), 5.19 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),3.64 (br s, 4H), 3.44 (br s, 4H), 2.92 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (t, J=6.4Hz, 1H), 2.56 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.19-1.93 (m, 6H),1.75-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.20-1.16 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (75 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 154.6, 154.5, 139.0, 135.0 125.9, 118.3, 112.9, 70.4, 64.1,60.1, 59.1, 51.1, 46.8, 43.5, 43.0, 30.3, 29.9, 27.9, 27.5, 25.7, 18.0,13.5; IR (CDCl₃) 2930, 2848, 1695, 1598, 1508 cm ¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z486 (14), 456 (39), 249 (79), 221 (100), 165 (77); HRMS (EI) calcd forC₂₆H₃₅N₃O₆ [M]⁺485.2526, found 485.2540.

Compound 17r was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.14 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−24° (c=0.7, CH_(CH) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.21-5.15 (m, 2H),3.99 (t, J=3.65 Hz, 4H), 2.90 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),2.53 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.22 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),2.15-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.97 (td, J=12.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 2H),1.75 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (dt,J=13.7, 3.3 Hz, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 155.8, 134.9, 118.4,68.8, 64.0, 60.2, 59.2, 51.0, 49.1 (2 C), 43.1, 30.4, 29.7, 29.6,28.0,27.5, 25.7, 17.9, 15.6, 13.5; IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2969, 2928, 1695,1425 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17s was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.18 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−22° (c=0.8, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.22-5.17 (m, 2H),3.40-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.90 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.54(d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.98 (td,J=12.9, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 1.92-1.85 (m, 5H), 1.79-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H),1.65 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (dt, J=13.7, 3.3 Hz, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.3, 134.9, 118.4, 68.8, 64.0, 60.1, 59.2, 51.0, 45.9,45.6, 43.3, 30.4, 29.9, 29.6, 28.0, 27.5, 25.7, 25.6, 24.9,17.9,13.5. IR(CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2982, 2959, 1686, 1425 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17t was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.30 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−23° (c=0.8, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.21-5.17 (m, 2H),3.38 (brs, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dd, J=7.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H),2.54 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.99 (td,J=12.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.65 (m, 1H),1.65 (s, 3H), 1.59-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br, 4H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.11(m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.7, 134.9, 118.4, 69.3, 63.9,60.1, 59.2, 51.0, 44.7 (2 C), 43.4, 30.3, 29.9, 27.9, 27.5, 25.7, 25.5(br, 2 C), 24.3, 17.9, 13.5. IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2951, 2861, 1682, 1435cm⁻¹.

Compound 17u was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.11 (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/EtOH, 20:1); [α]_(D)²³=−20° (c=0.7, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.21-5.17 (m, 2H),3.49 (brs, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.44-2.35 (br, 5H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.08 (m, 3H),2.06-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.71 (dd, J=12.7,3.9 Hz), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.15-1.11 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.6, 134.9, 118.3 69.8, 64.0, 60.1, 59.1, 54.6 (2 C),51.0, 46.1, 43.6 (br, 2 C), 43.4, 30.3, 29.9, 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 17.9,13.5. IR (CH₂Cl2) υ_(max) 2951, 2861, 2801, 1691, 1460, 1433 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17v was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.33 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−18° (c=0.6, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.97 (td, J=8.7,2.2 Hz, 2H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 2H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 5.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H),3.61 (brs, 4H), 3.05 (brs, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (t, J=6.2Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.18-1.92 (m, 6H),1.75 (s, 3H), 1.72 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 0.5H), 1.66 (brs, 3.5H), 1.15 (brs,4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃), δ 157.5 (d, J=238 Hz, 1 C), 154.6, 147.8,134.9, 118.6, 118.5, 118.3, 115.7, 115.5, 70.0, 64.0, 60.1, 59.1, 51.0,50.4, 43.7 (2 C), 43.5, 30.3, 29.9, 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 17.9, 13.5. IR(CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2963, 2930, 2864, 1691, 1506, 1433 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17w was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.35 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−16° (c=0.9, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.20-5.16 (m, 2H),3.44 (brs, 4H), 2.90 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d,J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.33 (brs, 4H), 2.15-1.89 (m, 8H),1.80-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.65 (s, 3H),1.65-1.44 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.18 (m, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.10 (m, 1H),0.86 (q, J=10.9 Hz, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.6, 134.9, 118.3,69.5, 65.5, 63.9, 60.1, 59.1, 53.2 (br, 2 C), 51.0, 43.7 (br, 2 C),43.3, 34.9, 30.3 (2 C), 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 26.7, 26.0 (2 C), 25.7, 17.9,13.5. IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2930, 2857, 1691, 1460, 1433 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17x was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.16 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 1:3); [α]_(D)²³=−20° (c=0.3, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.89-5.82 (m, 1H),5.23-5.16 (m, 4H), 3.48 (br s, 4H), 3.02 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (d,J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.35(m, 5H), 2.15-1.93 (m, 6H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.71 (dd, J=12.7, 3.9 Hz, 1H),1.65 (s, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.11 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 154.6, 134.9, 134.4 118.5, 118.3, 69.7, 64.0, 61.7, 60.1, 59.1, 52.6,51.0, 43.7 (br, 2 C), 43.4, 30.3, 29.9, 29.6, 27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 17.9,13.5. IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2928, 2863, 2807, 2365, 2328, 1690, 1458, 1433cm⁻¹.

Compound 17y was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.13 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 1:3); [α]_(D)²³=−17° (c=0.8,CH_(C) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.20-5.16 (m, 2H),3.49 (br s, 4H), 2.90 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.54(d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.34 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.85 (m, 9H), 1.75 (s, 3H),1.70-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.57-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.38 (m, 2H),1.15 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.12 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.5,134.9, 118.3, 69.7, 67.3, 64.0, 60.1, 59.1, 51.8, 51.0, 43.7 (br, 2 C),43.3, 30.2 (3 C), 29.9, 27.9, 27.5, 25.7, 24.0 (2 C), 17.9, 13.4. IR(CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2967, 2930, 2864, 2822, 1688, 1456, 1435 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17z was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.12 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−22° (c=0.7, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.22-5.16 (m, 2H),3.65 (brs, 4H), 3.45 (brs, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.2Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10 (m, 2H),2.06 (dd, J=14.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.90 (m,2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.70 (dd, J=12.8, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.66 (s, 3H),1.17-1.12 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.7, 134.9, 118.3, 69.9,66.5 (2 C), 64.0, 60.1, 59.1, 51.0, 45.0-44.5 (m, 2C), 43.4, 30.3, 29.9,27.8, 27.5, 25.7, 17.9, 13.5; IR (CHCl₃) υ_(max) 2971, 2930, 2861, 1691,1460, 1427, 1259 cm⁻¹; LRMS (EI, 20 eV) m/z 350 (1), 235 (33), 136(100); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₂₀H₃₂NO₄ [M−CONH]⁺350.2331, found 350.2330.

Compound 17aa was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.39 (silica gel, EtOH/CH₂Cl₂, 1:9); [α]_(D)²³=−10° (c=1.0, CH₂Cl₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.22 (t, J=2.8 Hz,1H), 5.16 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.90(d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H),2.42-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.18-1.90 (m, 6H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.70 (dd, J=12.8,3.7 Hz, 1H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.18-1.15 (m, 1H), 1.14 (s, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100MHz, CDCl₃) δ 156.3, 135.0, 118.1, 70.2, 64.2, 61.6, 61.4, 60.4, 59.1,52.1 (2 C), 51.0, 43.4, 30.2, 30.0, 27.9, 27.5, 25.7, 17.9, 13.3; IR(CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 3697, 3606, 3444, 2946, 1690 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17ab was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.35 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³=−22° (c=0.2, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.20-5.16 (m, 2H),3.38 (br s, 4H), 2.91 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dd, J=7.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H),2.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.01 (dd,J=12.9, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 1.96-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.71 (m, 1H),1.65 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.56 (m, 4H), 1.52 (br s, 4H), 1.15 (s, 3H),1.14-1.10 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 154.7, 134.9, 118.4, 69.3,64.0, 60.1, 59.2, 51.0, 44.7 (br, 2 C), 43.3, 30.3, 39.9, 29.6, 27.9,27.5, 25.7, 25.5, 24.3, 17.9, 13.5. IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2932, 2861,1688, 1433 cm⁻¹.

Compound 17ac was characterized by the following experimental data:colorless oil; R_(f)=0.21 (silica gel, Hexane/EtOAc, 2:1); [α]_(D)²³+16° (c=0.3, CH_(Cl) ₂); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.1 (br s, 1H),7.45 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 5.19 (t,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (d,J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.02 (m, 4H),1.98-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.84 (dd, J=12.6, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.66 (s,3H), 1.17 (s, 3H), 1.18-1.15 (m, 1H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 161.5,153.3, 137.1, 135.0, 118.2, 112.5, 71.7, 64.0, 60.0, 59.0, 51.1,43.1,30.2, 29.6, 27.6, 27.5, 25.7, 18.0,13.4. IR (CH₂Cl₂) υ_(max) 2971, 2932,2857, 1724, 1543 cm⁻¹.

Procedure for Test of Anti-Angiogenesis Activity (A) BAEC ProliferationAssay

About 2500 bovine arotic endothelial cells (BAEC) in 195 μl of DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) were plated per well of a 96-wellplate and grown at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. Cells were allowed to recover for12 hours. 1 μL of 200 times drug stock solution was added to eachtreatment well. The final vehicle (DMSO) concentration was 0.5%. Vehicleonly was used as a control for maximum proliferation. Three wells weretreated for each drug concentration. After 24 hours, 1 μCi of tritiatedthymidine (diluted in DMEM to a total volume of 10 μL) was added to eachwell. After additional 6 hours incubation, each well was washed in 180μl of PBS buffer. 70 μL of trypsin was added to each well. Plates wereincubated for 5 minutes at 37° C. Cells were harvested using a Harvester96 Mach III M (Tomtec) and transferred to glass fiber filters (Wallac).6 mL of Betaplate Scint (PerkinElmer) was added to each filter in asealed sample bag. Scintillation counting was done in using a 1450MicroBeta counter (Wallac). CPM were normalized to vehicle control,averaged across three replicates, and fit to the following equationusing GraphPadPrism v4.0: Y=Bottom+(Top-Bottom)/(1+10̂((LogEC50−X)*HillSlope)) wherein X is the logarithm of concentration and Y isthe response. Y started at Bottom and went to Top with a sigmoid shape.The bottom value was constrained to zero.

(B) MetAP-2 Enzymatic Assay

Recombinant human MetAP-2 was expressed and purified from insect cellsas previously described (Li, X.; Chang, Y.-H. Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun. 1996, 227, 152). To determine the effect of5-demethoxyfumagillol as well as its derivatives on MetAP-2 activity,various amounts of these inhibitors was added to buffer H (10 mM HEPES,pH 7.35, 100 mM KCI, 10% glycerol, and 0.1 M Co²⁺) containing 1 nM ofpurified human MetAP-2, and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes. To startthe enzymatic reaction, Met-Gly-Met-Met was added to a concentration of1 mM to the reaction mixture. Released methionine was quantified atdifferent time points (0, 2, 3 and 5 min) using the method of Zuo et al(Zuo, S.; Guo, Q.; Ling, C.; Chang, Y-.H. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995, 246,247).

(C) Matrigel Plug Assay

Matrigel plug assay was used to determine the effects of fumagillolanalogues on bFGF induced neovessel formation. C57 mice were injectedsubcutaneously into the abdomen with 0.2 mL of matrigel containing 300ng bFGF. A control was performed by injecting matrigel alone. Theinjected matrigel formed solid gel plug. Fumagillol analogue 17j, 17n or17q was administrated subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg/kg/d in DMSO.Mice in control group were given subcutaneous injection of DMSO. Micewere sacrificed 10 days after injection of matrigel plug. The plugs wereremoved (FIG. 1) and the extent of neovascularization was assessed bymeasuring the hemoglobin content using the Drabkin's Reagent Kit (FIG.2).

TABLE 1 Biological testing results of analogs of 5-demethoxyfumagillolMetAP-2 BAEC Compound IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 5-Demethoxyfumagillol 975 0.28Fumagillol 909 2.04 17a 29 0.21 17b 50 0.11 17c 16 0.039 17d 56 0.06717e 42 0.085 17f 39 0.092 17g 41 1.41 17h 44 0.079 17i 47 0.059 17j 410.027 17k 12 0.21 17l 21 0.051 17m 11 0.19 17n 19 0.031 17o 28 0.035 17p27 0.062 17q 26 0.020 17r 0.038 17s 0.040 17t 0.081 17u 0.089 17v 0.06817w 0.074 17x 0.047 17y 0.031 17z 0.048 17ab 0.040 17ac 0.038

As demonstrated above, embodiments disclosed herein provide variouscompounds that can be used for treating, managing or preventing adisease that is related to angiogenesis and other diseases disclosedherein. While this disclosure has been described with respect to alimited number of embodiments, the specific features of one embodimentshould not be attributed to other embodiments disclosed herein. Nosingle embodiment is representative of all aspects of this disclosure.In some embodiments, the compositions or methods may include numerouscompounds or steps not mentioned herein. In other embodiments, thecompositions or methods do not include, or are substantially free of,any compounds or steps not enumerated herein. Variations andmodifications from the described embodiments exist. For example, thepharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein need not comprising onlythe compounds disclosed herein. It can comprise any type of compoundsgenerally suitable for treating, managing or preventing a disease thatis related to angiogenesis. It is noted that the methods for making andusing the compounds disclosed herein are described with reference to anumber of steps. These steps can be practiced in any sequence. One ormore steps may be omitted or combined but still achieve substantiallythe same results. The appended claims intend to cover all suchvariations and modifications as falling within the scope of thisdisclosure.

All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specificationare herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if eachindividual publication or patent application was specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference. It is to beunderstood that this disclosure has been described in detailed by way ofillustration and example in order to acquaint others skilled in the artwith the invention, its principles, and its practical application.Further, the specific embodiments provided herein as set forth are notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure, and that manyalternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art in light of the foregoing examples and detaileddescription. Accordingly, this disclosure is intended to embrace allsuch alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within thespirit and scope of the following claims. While some of the examples anddescriptions above include some conclusions about the way the compounds,compositions and methods may function, the inventors do not intend to bebound by those conclusions and functions, but put them forth only aspossible explanations in light of current understanding.

1. An unsaturated α-keto ester comprising Formula (I):

5 or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkylor alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Y is—CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ andR⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.
 2. The unsaturated α-keto ester of claim 1, wherein thestereoisomer is an enantiomer.
 3. A process of making an unsaturatedα-keto ester of Formula (I):

wherein the process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting an ester ofFormula (II):

or a stereoisomer thereof with a base and a peroxide to form anunsaturated α-hydroxyl ester of Formula (III):

or a stereoisomer thereof, and (b) oxidizing the unsaturated α-hydroxylester of Formula (III) or a stereoisomer thereof with an oxidant to formthe unsaturated α-keto ester of Formula (I), wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl,triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenylor alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Yis —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R^(4,)R^(5,) R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.
 4. The process of claim 3, wherein the base is lithiumdiisopropylamide (LDA), lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS),lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), potassiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS), sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide(NaHMDS), or a combination thereof.
 5. The process of claim 3, whereinthe peroxide is t-BuOOH.
 6. The process of claim 3, wherein the oxidantis Dess-Martin periodinane, manganese dioxide (MnO₂), pyridiniumdichromate (PDC), chlorochromate (PCC), tetrapropylammoniumperruthenate/N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (TPAP/NMO) or a combinationthereof
 7. A process of making an unsaturated α-hydroxyl ester ofFormula (III):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting an aldehyde of Formula (IV):

or a stereoisomer thereof with a mixture of isocyanate and SiCl₄ in thepresence of a catalytic amount of pyridine N-oxide orhexamethylphosphoramide; and (b) quenching the reaction mixture with analcohol having a formula represented by R¹OH and sodium bicarbonate,wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ whereR³is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² isindependently O or S; and Y is —CH₂-R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R^(4,) R^(5,) R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H,alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl,dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino.
 8. A 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate comprising Formula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Yis —CH₂-R⁴, -CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R^(4,)R^(5,) R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.
 9. The 5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate of claim 8,wherein the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (V).
 10. The5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate of claim 8, wherein the stereoisomeris a diastereomer of Formula (V).
 11. A process of making a5-demethoxyfumagillol intermediate having formula (V):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the process comprises the step ofcontacting the unsaturated α-keto ester of Formula (I) with a Lewisacid, and wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, orunsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² ishydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl oralkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Y is —CH₂—R⁴,—CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ isindependently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl,methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino.
 12. Theprocess of claim 11, wherein the Lewis acid is copper triflate, copperhexafluoroantimonate, scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, ytterbiumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, magnesium perchlorate or a combinationthereof.
 13. The process of claim 11, wherein the reaction occurs in thepresence of a chiral ligand.
 14. The process of claim 13, wherein thechiral ligand is a bisoxazoline ligand.
 15. The process of claim 14,wherein the bisoxazoline ligand is(S,S)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane,(R,R)-2,2-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)propane,(S,S)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane,(R,R)-2,2′-bis(4-tert-butyl-2-oxazoline)propane,2,6-bis[(4S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine,2,6-bis[(4R)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine,2,6-bis[(4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine,2,6-bis[(4R)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolinyl]pyridine or a combination thereof.16. An unsaturated alcohol comprising Formula (VI)

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² is independently O or S; and Yis —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂-OR⁵, —C(═O)—R^(6,) —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R^(4,)R^(5,) R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino.
 17. A process of making a 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate having formula (VI):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting an unsaturated ester of Formula (V)

or a stereoisomer thereof, with lithium aluminium hydride ordiisobutylaluminium hydride to form an unsaturated diol of Formula(VII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and (b) selectively protecting theunsaturated diol of Formula (VII) or a stereoisomer thereof with analkylating agent having formula R¹—X to form the 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate of Formula (VI), wherein X is tosylate, halide, mesylate ortriflate; R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl, or unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ whereR³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each of X¹ and X² isindependently O or S; and Y is —CH₂—R^(4,) —CH₂—OR⁵ , —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl,acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl,dialkylamino, diarylamino or alkylarylamino.
 18. The process of claim17, wherein X is a halide selected from chloride, bromide or iodide. 19.A keto epoxide comprising Formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR³ where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl or alkylaryl; and Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶,—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, aryl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino; and R⁴ is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl,alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl or methoxymethyl.
 20. The keto epoxide of claim19, wherein the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (VIII).
 21. Theketo epoxide of claim 19, wherein the stereoisomer is a diastereomer ofFormula (VIII).
 22. A process of making a 5-demethoxyfumagillolintermediate having formula

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the process comprises the step ofcontacting an unsaturated ketone of Formula (IX):

or a stereoisomer thereof, with an epoxidation agent in the presence orabsence of 4 Å molecular sieves, wherein R¹ is tosyl, mesyl, triflyl ornonflyl, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl oralkynyl; R² is hydrogen or OR where R³ is H, alkyl, acyl, aryl,arylalkyl or alkylaryl; and Y is —CH₂—R^(4,) —CH₂—OR , —C(═O)—R or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino.
 23. The process of claim 22, wherein thecontacting step occurs in the presence of 4 Å molecular sieves.
 24. Theprocess of claim 22, wherein the epoxidation agent is tert-butylhydroperoxide with titanium isopropoxide or vanadyl acetylacetonate. 25.A 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative comprising Formula (X), (X′), (X″),(XI) or (XI′):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R^(12,) R^(13,)R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ is independently hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substitutedaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Z is a bond, methylene,O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷; Y′ is—CH₂—R^(4,) —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O) —R⁶ or —C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; R^(4′)is alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl,trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino, diarylamino oralkylarylamino; each of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is independently H, unsubstituted orsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl andcyclopentyl, alkenyl such as vinyl and allyl, alkynyl such asprop-2-ynyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; each of n and m isindependently an integer from 0 to 9 where the sum of n and m is atleast one; and k is an integer from 1 to 10, with the proviso that R¹⁴and R¹⁵ are not both H.
 26. The 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative ofclaim 25, wherein the stereoisomer is an enantiomer of Formula (X′) or(XI).
 27. The 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of claim 25, wherein thestereoisomer is a diastereomer of Formula (X′) or (XI).
 28. The5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of claim 25 having one of the followingstructures:

or a stereoisomer thereof.
 29. A process of making a5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative having formula (X), (XI) or (XI′):

or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the process comprises the steps of:(a) reacting a keto epoxide comprising Formula (VIII):

or a stereoisomer thereof, with a base to form 5-demethoxyfumagillol ofFormula (XII):

or a stereoisomer thereof, (b) contacting the 5-demethoxyfumagillol ofFormula (XII) or a stereoisomer thereof with a phenylchloroformate inthe presence of a first base to form an active intermediate of Formula(XIII),

or a stereoisomer thereof, and (c) reacting the active intermediate ofFormula (XIII) with an amine of Formula (XIV), (XV) or (XVI):

or stereoisomer thereof in the presence of a second base, wherein R¹ istosyl, mesyl, triflyl or nonflyl; X is NO₂ or hydrogen; each of R⁸,R^(9,) R^(10,) R^(11,) R^(12,) R^(13,) R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ hydrogen, orunsubstituted or substituted aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or —(CH₂)_(k)—N₃; Zis a bond, methylene, O, S or NR¹³; Y is —CH₂—R⁴, —CH₂—OR⁵, —C(═O)—R⁶ or—C(═O)—OR⁷ where each of R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is independently H, alkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, trialkylsilyl, methoxymethyl, dialkylamino,diarylamino or alkylarylamino; and each of n and m is independently aninteger from 0 to 9 and the sum of n and m is at least one.
 30. Theprocess of claim 29, wherein each of the first base and the second baseis independently pyridine or triethylamine.
 31. The process of claim 29,wherein the phenylchloroformate is unsubstituted phenylchloroformate orp-nitrophenylchloroformate.
 32. A method of treating, managing orpreventing a disease that is related to angiogenesis, the methodcomprising administering a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of claim 25,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph orstereoisomer thereof.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the disease isa cancer or tumor.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the cancer isprostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer,pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cutaneousmelanoma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or pancreatic cancer.
 35. Amethod of treating, managing or preventing a disease comprisingadministering a 5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of claim 25, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph or stereoisomerthereof, wherein the disease is a cancer, tumor, diabetic retinopathy,rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, obesity, chronic kidney disease orintestinal infection.
 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the disease isan intestinal infection selected from intestinal microsporidiosis,taeniasis solium, cysticercosis, amebiasis, anisakiasis, giardiasis, orcryptosporidiosis.
 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the diseaseoccurs in a mammal.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the mammal is ahuman.
 39. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a5-demethoxyfumagillol derivative of claim 25, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, solvate, polymorph or stereoisomer thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 40. The pharmaceutical compositionof claim 39, further comprising at least an ingredient selected from thegroup consisting of excipients, moisturizers, diluents, metal stearatesand combinations thereof.
 41. The pharmaceutical composition of claim39, which is in a single unit dosage form.
 42. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 39, wherein the pharmaceutical composition furthercomprises a second chemotherapeutic drug.
 43. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 42, wherein the second chemotherapeutic drug isselected from the group consisting of alkylating agents,anti-metabolites, plant alkaloids and terpenoids, vinca alkaloids,podophyllotoxins, taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, antitumourantibiotics, and monoclonal antibodies and combinations thereof.